Efeitos da salinidade e de dietas contendo ingredientes de origem vegetal ou de origem animal e vegetal no desempenho e na condição metabólica de juvenis de tilápia do Nilo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n1p397Palavras-chave:
Ganho médio diário, Índice hepatossomático, Osmorregulação, Proteínas totais, Triglicerídeos.Resumo
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da salinidade e de dietas compostas por ingredientes de origem vegetal, ou por ingredientes de origem animal e vegetal no desempenho e na condição metabólica de juvenis de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 × 2 com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram estabelecidos pela combinação das salinidades 0, 10, 20 e 30 g L-1 com dietas contendo apenas ingredientes de origem vegetal (V) ou ingredientes de origem animal e vegetal (AV). As repetições foram caixas de 60 L contendo 12 peixes por caixa. As dietas foram fornecidas durante 32 dias e os peixes foram alimentados três vezes ao dia (8, 12 e 17 h) até saciedade aparente. O consumo de ração foi mensurado diariamente (CRD), o peso corporal (PC) foi registrado no início e no final do experimento, e o comprimento total (CT) e comprimento padrão (CP) foram mensurados no final do experimento. O ganho médio diário (GMD), a taxa de crescimento específico (TCE), a conversão alimentar (CA) e a taxa de sobrevivência também foram calculadas. Após a obtenção das medidas biométricas ao final do experimento, amostras de sangue foram coletadas para determinar as concentrações plasmáticas de proteínas totais (PT), glicose, colesterol e triglicerídeos (TG). Posteriormente, os peixes foram eutanasiados e o hepatopâncreas foi coletado, pesado e o índice hepatossomático (IHS) foi calculado. Houve interação entre salinidade e tipo de dieta para PC final, GMD, CT e CP. Essas variáveis não foram influenciadas pela salinidade quando associada com a dieta AV, mas reduziram linearmente com a salinidade na dieta V. O CRD e a taxa de sobrevivência foram influenciados exclusivamente pela salinidade, onde o CRD reduziu linearmente com a salinidade, e a taxa de sobrevivência foi maior na salinidade de 10 g L-1. O IHS aumentou linearmente com a salinidade, e foi menor da dieta V comparado com a dieta AV. Houve efeito quadrático da salinidade na concentração plasmática de PT, em que o máximo valor para este metabólito (2.96 g dL-1) pode ser alcançado com a salinidade de 10.26 g L-1. As concentrações plasmáticas de colesterol e TG foram exclusivamente influenciadas pelo tipo de dieta, apresentando menores valores na dieta V comparados com a dieta AV. A salinidade de 10 g L-1 associada com dieta composta por ingredientes de origem animal e vegetal proporcionou melhor desempenho, maior taxa de sobrevivência e condições ambientais menos estressantes aos juvenis de tilápia do Nilo.Métricas
Carregando Métricas ...
Referências
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Boonanuntanasarn, S., Nakharuthai, C., Schrama, D., Duangkaew, R., & Rodrigues, P. M. (2019). Effects of dietary lipid sources on hepatic nutritive contents, fatty acid composition and proteome of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Proteomics, 192, 208-222. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.09.003
Cazcarro, I., López-Morales, C. A., & Duchin, F. (2019). The global economic costs of substituting dietary protein from fish with meat, grains and legumes, and dairy. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 23(5), 1159-1171. doi: 10.1111/jiec.12856
Ferraris, R. P., Catacutan, M. R., Mabelin, R. L., & Jazul, A. P. (1986). Digestibility in milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal): effects of protein source, fish size and salinity. Aquaculture, 59(2), 93-105. doi: 10. 1016/0044-8486(86)90123-7
Fonseca-Madrigal, J., Pineda-Delgado, D., Martínez-Palacios, C., Rodríguez, C., & Tocher, D. R. (2012). Effect of salinity on the biosynthesis of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in silverside Chirostoma estor. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(4), 1047-1057. doi: 10.1007/s10695-011-9589-6
Francis, G., Makkar, H. P. S., & Becker, K. (2001). Antinutritional factors present in plant derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish. Aquaculture, 199(3-4), 197-227. doi: 10.1016/S0044-84 86(01)00526-9
Furuya, W. M., Botaro, D., Macedo, R. M. G., Santos, V. G., Silva, L. C. R., Silva, T. C.,… Sales, P. J. P. (2005). Ideal protein concept for dietary protein reduction of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 34(5), 1433-1441. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982005000500002
Hallali, E., Kokou, F., Chourasia, T. K., Nitzan, T., Con, P., Harpaz, S.,… Cnaani, A. (2018). Dietary salt levels affect digestibility, intestinal gene expression, and the microbiome, in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). PLoS One, 13(8), e0202351. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202351
Hardy, R. W. (2010). Utilization of plant proteins in fish diets: effects of global demand and supplies of fishmeal. Aquaculture Research, 41(5), 770-776. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02349.x
Herath, S. S., Haga, Y., & Satoh, S. (2018). Interactive effects of salinity and complete fishmeal replacement on growth, food consumption, and gene expression of hepatic IGF-I, IGF-II and growth hormone receptors in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture Research, 49(6), 2128-2139. doi: 10. 1111/are.13667
Hunt, A. O., Ozkan, F., Engin, K., & Tekelioglu, N. (2011). The effects of freshwater rearing on the whole body and muscle tissue fatty acid profile of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture International, 19, 51-61. doi: 10.1007/s10499-010-9340-9
Jumah, Y. U., Traifalgar, R. F. M., Monteclaro, H. M., Sanares, R. C., Jumah, D. S. U., & Mero, F. F. C. (2016). Influence of hyperosmotic culture conditions on osmoregulatory ions, gill chloride cells and Na+/K+-ATPase activity of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. AACL Bioflux, 9(3), 498-506.
Kalujnaia, S., Gellatly, S. A., Hazon, N., Villasenor, A., Yancey, P. H., & Cramb, G. (2013). Seawater acclimation and inositol monophosphatase isoform expression in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). American Journal of Physiology Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 305(4), R369-R384. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00044.2013
Kucuk, S., Karul, A., Yildirim, S., & Gamsiz, K. (2013). Effects of salinity on growth and metabolism in blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus). African Journal of Biotechnology, 12(19), 2715-2721. doi: 10.5897/ AJB12.1296
Kultz, D. (2015). Physiological mechanisms used by fish to cope with salinity stress. Journal of Experimental Biology, 218(12), 1907-1914. doi: 10.1242/jeb.118695
Li, Z., Lui, E. Y., Wilson, J. M., Ip, Y. K., Lin, Q., Lam, T. J., & Lam, S. H. (2014). Expression of key ion transporters in the gill and esophageal gastrointestinal tract of euryhaline Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus acclimated to fresh water, seawater and hypersaline water. PLoS One, 9(1), e87591. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087591
Lima, B. T. M., Takahashi, N. S., Tabata, Y. A., Hattori, R. S., Ribeiro, C. S., & Moreira, R. G. (2019). Balanced omega 3 and 6 vegetable oil of Amazonian sacha inchi act as LC PUFA precursors in rainbow trout juveniles: Effects on growth and fatty acid biosynthesis. Aquaculture, 509, 236-245. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.05.004
Malik, A., Abbas, G., Ghaffar, A., Dastagir, G., Ferrando, S., Gallus, L.,… Rehman, K. (2018). Assessment of optimum salinity level for maximum growth and survival of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 50(2), 585-594. doi: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.2. 585.594
Moutou, K. A., Panagiotaki, P., & Mamuris, Z. (2004). Effects of salinity on digestive protease activity in the euryhaline sparid Sparus aurata L.: A preliminary study. Aquaculture Research, 35(9), 912-914. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01068.x
National Research Council (2011). Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Nitzan, T., Rozenberg, P., & Cnaani, A. (2017). Differential expression of amino acid transporters along the intestine of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and the effect of water salinity and time after feeding. Aquaculture, 472(Suppl. 1), 71-75. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.01.020
Novelli, P. K., Barros, M. M., Pezzato, L. E., Araujo, E. P., Botelho, R. M., & Fleuri, L. F. (2017). Enzymes produced by agro industrial co products enhance digestible values for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): A significant animal feeding alternative. Aquaculture, 481, 1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture. 2017.08.010
Pereira, D. S. P., Guerra-Santos, B., Moreira, E. L. T., Albinati, R. C. B., & Ayres, M. C. C. (2016). Hematological and histological parameters of Nile tilapia in response to the challenge of different salinity levels. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 42(3), 635-647. doi: 10.20950/1678-2305.2016v42n3p635
Prunet, P., & Bornancin, M. (1989). Physiology of salinity tolerance in tilapia: an update of basic and applied aspects. Aquatic Living Resources, 2(2), 91-97. doi: 10.1051/alr:1989011
Ronkin, D., Seroussi, E., Nitzan, T., Doron-Faigenboim, A., & Cnaani, A. (2015). Intestinal transcriptome analysis revealed differential salinity adaptation between two tilapiine species. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology Part D: Genomics & Proteomics, 13, 35-43. doi: 10.1016/j.cbd.2015.01.003
Sarker, M. A., Yamamoto, Y., Haga, Y., Sarker, M. S. A., Miwa, M., Yoshizaki, G., & Satoh, S. (2011). Influences of low salinity and dietary fatty acids on fatty acid composition and fatty acid desaturase and elongase expression in red sea bream Pagrus major. Fisheries Science, 77, 385-396. doi: 10.1007/s125 62-011-0342-y
Statistical Analysis System (2002). SAS User's Guide for Windows: Statistics, Version 9.0. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
Taylor, P. W., & Roberts, S. D. (1999). Clove oil: an alternative anesthetic for aquaculture. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 61(2), 150-155. doi: 10.1577/1548-8454(1999)061<0150:COAAAF>2.0.CO;2
Tocher, D. R. (2003). Metabolism and functions of lipids and fatty acids in teleost fish. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 11(2), 107-184. doi: 10.1080/713610925
Tran-Ngoc, K. T., Schrama, J. W., Le, M. T. T., Nguyen, T. H., Roem, A. J., & Verreth, J. A. J. (2017). Salinity and diet composition affect digestibility and intestinal morphology in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture, 469, 36-43. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.11.037
Vieira, V. P., Ribeiro, R. P., Moreira, H. L. M., Povh, J. A., Vargas, L., & Barrero, N. M. L. (2005). Evaluation of the productive performance of strain of tilapia of the Nile (Oreochromis niloticus) in Maringá-PR. Revista Acadêmica: Ciência Animal, 3(3), 19-26. doi: 10.7213/cienciaanimal.v3i3.9147
Wang, P. J., Lin, C. H., Hwang, L. Y., Huang, C. L., Lee, T. H., & Hwang, P. P. (2009). Differential responses in gills of euryhaline tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, to various hyperosmotic shocks. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 152(4), 544-551. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.12.012
Xu, Z., Gan, L., Li, T., Xu, C., Chen, K., Wang, X.,… Li, E. (2015). Transcriptome profiling and molecular pathway analysis of genes in association with salinity adaptation in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. PLoS One, 10(8), e0136506. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136506
You, G., Lu, F., Wang, S., Chen, C., & Li, Y. (2019). Comparison of the growth performance and long chain PUFA biosynthetic ability of the genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in different salinities. British Journal of Nutrition, 121(4), 374-383. doi: 10.1017/S0007114518003471
Alvarenga, E. R., Alves, G. F. O., Fernandes, A. F. A., Costa, G. R., Silva, M. A., Teixeira, E. A., & Turra, E., M. (2018). Moderate salinities enhance growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings in the biofloc system. Aquaculture Research, 49(9), 2919-2926. doi: 10.1111/are.13728
American Public Health Association (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (21nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Public Health Association.
Araújo-Dairiki, T. B., Chaves, F. C. M., & Dairiki, J. K. (2018). Seeds of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis, Euphorbiaceae) as a feed ingredient for juvenile tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, and matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus (Characidae). Acta Amazonica, 48(1), 32-37. doi: 10.1590/1809-4392201700753
Bicudo, A. J. A., Pinto, L. F. B., & Cyrino, J. E. P. (2010). Clustering of ingredients with amino acid composition similar to the nutritional requirement of Nile tilapia. Scientia Agricola, 67(5), 517-523. doi: 10.1590/S0103-90162010000500004
Boeuf, G., & Payan, P. (2001). How should salinity influence fish growth? Comparative Biochemistry Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 130(4), 411-423. doi: 10.1016/S1532-0456(01)00268-X
Boonanuntanasarn, S., Nakharuthai, C., Schrama, D., Duangkaew, R., & Rodrigues, P. M. (2019). Effects of dietary lipid sources on hepatic nutritive contents, fatty acid composition and proteome of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Proteomics, 192, 208-222. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.09.003
Cazcarro, I., López-Morales, C. A., & Duchin, F. (2019). The global economic costs of substituting dietary protein from fish with meat, grains and legumes, and dairy. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 23(5), 1159-1171. doi: 10.1111/jiec.12856
Ferraris, R. P., Catacutan, M. R., Mabelin, R. L., & Jazul, A. P. (1986). Digestibility in milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal): effects of protein source, fish size and salinity. Aquaculture, 59(2), 93-105. doi: 10. 1016/0044-8486(86)90123-7
Fonseca-Madrigal, J., Pineda-Delgado, D., Martínez-Palacios, C., Rodríguez, C., & Tocher, D. R. (2012). Effect of salinity on the biosynthesis of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in silverside Chirostoma estor. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(4), 1047-1057. doi: 10.1007/s10695-011-9589-6
Francis, G., Makkar, H. P. S., & Becker, K. (2001). Antinutritional factors present in plant derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish. Aquaculture, 199(3-4), 197-227. doi: 10.1016/S0044-84 86(01)00526-9
Furuya, W. M., Botaro, D., Macedo, R. M. G., Santos, V. G., Silva, L. C. R., Silva, T. C.,… Sales, P. J. P. (2005). Ideal protein concept for dietary protein reduction of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 34(5), 1433-1441. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982005000500002
Hallali, E., Kokou, F., Chourasia, T. K., Nitzan, T., Con, P., Harpaz, S.,… Cnaani, A. (2018). Dietary salt levels affect digestibility, intestinal gene expression, and the microbiome, in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). PLoS One, 13(8), e0202351. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202351
Hardy, R. W. (2010). Utilization of plant proteins in fish diets: effects of global demand and supplies of fishmeal. Aquaculture Research, 41(5), 770-776. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02349.x
Herath, S. S., Haga, Y., & Satoh, S. (2018). Interactive effects of salinity and complete fishmeal replacement on growth, food consumption, and gene expression of hepatic IGF-I, IGF-II and growth hormone receptors in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture Research, 49(6), 2128-2139. doi: 10. 1111/are.13667
Hunt, A. O., Ozkan, F., Engin, K., & Tekelioglu, N. (2011). The effects of freshwater rearing on the whole body and muscle tissue fatty acid profile of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture International, 19, 51-61. doi: 10.1007/s10499-010-9340-9
Jumah, Y. U., Traifalgar, R. F. M., Monteclaro, H. M., Sanares, R. C., Jumah, D. S. U., & Mero, F. F. C. (2016). Influence of hyperosmotic culture conditions on osmoregulatory ions, gill chloride cells and Na+/K+-ATPase activity of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. AACL Bioflux, 9(3), 498-506.
Kalujnaia, S., Gellatly, S. A., Hazon, N., Villasenor, A., Yancey, P. H., & Cramb, G. (2013). Seawater acclimation and inositol monophosphatase isoform expression in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). American Journal of Physiology Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 305(4), R369-R384. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00044.2013
Kucuk, S., Karul, A., Yildirim, S., & Gamsiz, K. (2013). Effects of salinity on growth and metabolism in blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus). African Journal of Biotechnology, 12(19), 2715-2721. doi: 10.5897/ AJB12.1296
Kultz, D. (2015). Physiological mechanisms used by fish to cope with salinity stress. Journal of Experimental Biology, 218(12), 1907-1914. doi: 10.1242/jeb.118695
Li, Z., Lui, E. Y., Wilson, J. M., Ip, Y. K., Lin, Q., Lam, T. J., & Lam, S. H. (2014). Expression of key ion transporters in the gill and esophageal gastrointestinal tract of euryhaline Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus acclimated to fresh water, seawater and hypersaline water. PLoS One, 9(1), e87591. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087591
Lima, B. T. M., Takahashi, N. S., Tabata, Y. A., Hattori, R. S., Ribeiro, C. S., & Moreira, R. G. (2019). Balanced omega 3 and 6 vegetable oil of Amazonian sacha inchi act as LC PUFA precursors in rainbow trout juveniles: Effects on growth and fatty acid biosynthesis. Aquaculture, 509, 236-245. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.05.004
Malik, A., Abbas, G., Ghaffar, A., Dastagir, G., Ferrando, S., Gallus, L.,… Rehman, K. (2018). Assessment of optimum salinity level for maximum growth and survival of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus 1758). Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 50(2), 585-594. doi: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.2. 585.594
Moutou, K. A., Panagiotaki, P., & Mamuris, Z. (2004). Effects of salinity on digestive protease activity in the euryhaline sparid Sparus aurata L.: A preliminary study. Aquaculture Research, 35(9), 912-914. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01068.x
National Research Council (2011). Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Nitzan, T., Rozenberg, P., & Cnaani, A. (2017). Differential expression of amino acid transporters along the intestine of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and the effect of water salinity and time after feeding. Aquaculture, 472(Suppl. 1), 71-75. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.01.020
Novelli, P. K., Barros, M. M., Pezzato, L. E., Araujo, E. P., Botelho, R. M., & Fleuri, L. F. (2017). Enzymes produced by agro industrial co products enhance digestible values for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): A significant animal feeding alternative. Aquaculture, 481, 1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture. 2017.08.010
Pereira, D. S. P., Guerra-Santos, B., Moreira, E. L. T., Albinati, R. C. B., & Ayres, M. C. C. (2016). Hematological and histological parameters of Nile tilapia in response to the challenge of different salinity levels. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 42(3), 635-647. doi: 10.20950/1678-2305.2016v42n3p635
Prunet, P., & Bornancin, M. (1989). Physiology of salinity tolerance in tilapia: an update of basic and applied aspects. Aquatic Living Resources, 2(2), 91-97. doi: 10.1051/alr:1989011
Ronkin, D., Seroussi, E., Nitzan, T., Doron-Faigenboim, A., & Cnaani, A. (2015). Intestinal transcriptome analysis revealed differential salinity adaptation between two tilapiine species. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology Part D: Genomics & Proteomics, 13, 35-43. doi: 10.1016/j.cbd.2015.01.003
Sarker, M. A., Yamamoto, Y., Haga, Y., Sarker, M. S. A., Miwa, M., Yoshizaki, G., & Satoh, S. (2011). Influences of low salinity and dietary fatty acids on fatty acid composition and fatty acid desaturase and elongase expression in red sea bream Pagrus major. Fisheries Science, 77, 385-396. doi: 10.1007/s125 62-011-0342-y
Statistical Analysis System (2002). SAS User's Guide for Windows: Statistics, Version 9.0. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
Taylor, P. W., & Roberts, S. D. (1999). Clove oil: an alternative anesthetic for aquaculture. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 61(2), 150-155. doi: 10.1577/1548-8454(1999)061<0150:COAAAF>2.0.CO;2
Tocher, D. R. (2003). Metabolism and functions of lipids and fatty acids in teleost fish. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 11(2), 107-184. doi: 10.1080/713610925
Tran-Ngoc, K. T., Schrama, J. W., Le, M. T. T., Nguyen, T. H., Roem, A. J., & Verreth, J. A. J. (2017). Salinity and diet composition affect digestibility and intestinal morphology in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture, 469, 36-43. doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.11.037
Vieira, V. P., Ribeiro, R. P., Moreira, H. L. M., Povh, J. A., Vargas, L., & Barrero, N. M. L. (2005). Evaluation of the productive performance of strain of tilapia of the Nile (Oreochromis niloticus) in Maringá-PR. Revista Acadêmica: Ciência Animal, 3(3), 19-26. doi: 10.7213/cienciaanimal.v3i3.9147
Wang, P. J., Lin, C. H., Hwang, L. Y., Huang, C. L., Lee, T. H., & Hwang, P. P. (2009). Differential responses in gills of euryhaline tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, to various hyperosmotic shocks. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 152(4), 544-551. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.12.012
Xu, Z., Gan, L., Li, T., Xu, C., Chen, K., Wang, X.,… Li, E. (2015). Transcriptome profiling and molecular pathway analysis of genes in association with salinity adaptation in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. PLoS One, 10(8), e0136506. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136506
You, G., Lu, F., Wang, S., Chen, C., & Li, Y. (2019). Comparison of the growth performance and long chain PUFA biosynthetic ability of the genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in different salinities. British Journal of Nutrition, 121(4), 374-383. doi: 10.1017/S0007114518003471
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2022-01-10
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Gonçalves, R. M., Mauerwerk, M. T., Zadinelo, I. V., Fernandes, S. R., Zara, R. F., & Santos, L. D. (2022). Efeitos da salinidade e de dietas contendo ingredientes de origem vegetal ou de origem animal e vegetal no desempenho e na condição metabólica de juvenis de tilápia do Nilo. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 43(1), 397–414. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n1p397
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