“O Altíssimo não habita em obras de mãos humanas”: um estudo de possíveis paralelos judaico-helenísticos para o templo de Jerusalém como idolatria em atos dos apóstolos 7:48
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1984-3356.2017v10n20p1063Palavras-chave:
Hellenistic judaism, Acts of the Apostles – Jerusalem temple –Stephen – idolatryResumo
O propósito do presente artigo é duplo. (1) Ele busca analisar o discurso de Estevão, uma passagem controversa no capítulo 7 do livro neotestamentário Atos dos Apóstolos. Nele, Estevão, um judeu cristão helenista, critica o templo de Jerusalém ao argumentar que “o Altíssimo não habita em obras de mãos humanas (cheiropoietos)” (At. 7:48). O uso do termo pejorativo cheiropoietos para designar o templo judaico constituía uma blasfêmia na medida em que, no período anterior à produção dos textos do Novo Testamento, este termo fora usado na Bíblia hebraica somente para templos e estátuas de divindades politeístas, os chamados ‘ídolos’. (2) Uma vez que o discurso de Estevão parece recuperar certo material histórico, o artigo, então, examina textos judaico-helenísticos escritos entre o século I a.C. e o século I d.C. e que apresentam menções negativas ao Templo de Jerusalém de forma a situar historicamente a crítica de Estevão em Atos 7:48.Métricas
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Referências
ATTRIDGE, Harold W. First-Century Cynicism in the Epistles of Heraclitus. Missoula: Scholars Press (Harvard Theological Review), 1976.
BARCLAY, John M. G. Jews in the Mediterranean Diaspora. From Alexander to Trajan (323 BCE117 CE). Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1996.
BARKER, Margaret. Temple Imagery in Philo: An Indication of the Origin of the Logos?, in: HORBURY, W. (ed.) JSNT Supplement Series 48: Templum Amicitiae. Essays on the Second Temple presented to Ernst Bammel. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991, pp. 70-102.
BARRETT, Charles K. Attitudes to the Temple in the Acts of the Apostles, in: HORBURY, W. (ed.) JSNT Supplement Series 48: Templum Amicitiae. Essays on the Second Temple presented to Ernst Bammel. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991, pp. 345-367.
BARRETT, Charles K. The International Critical Commentary: Acts of the Apostles. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1994, vol. 1.
COLLINS, John J. The Sibylline Oracles of Egyptian Judaism. Missoula: Society of Biblical Literature for the Pseudepigrapha Group, 1972.
COLLINS, John J. The Place of the Fourth Sibyl in the Development of the Jewish Sibyllina, Journal of Jewish Studies 25 (1974), pp. 365-80.
COLLINS, John J. Sibylline Oracles, in: CHARLESWORTH, J. T. The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, 1: Apocalyptic Literature & Testaments. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1983, pp. 362-531.
COLLINS, John J. Jewish Wisdom in the Hellenistic Age. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1997.
EPISTLES of Pseudo-Heraclitus, in: ATTRIDGE, H. W. First-Century Cynicism in the Epistles of Heraclitus. Missoula: Scholars Press (Harvard Theological Review), 1976.
FITZMYER, Joseph. The Anchor Bible: The Acts of the Apostles. A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. New York: Doubleday, 1998.
HENGEL, Martin. Judaism and Hellenism: Studies in their encounter in Palestine during the early Hellenistic period. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 2 vols, 1974.
GÄRTNER, Bertil. The Temple and the Community in Qumran and the New Testament. A Comparative study in the Temple symbolism of the Qumran texts and the New Testament. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965.
GAVENTA, Beverly R. Toward a Theology of Acts: Reading and Rereading, Interpretation 42(1988), pp. 146-57.
GRUEN, Erich S. Heritage and Hellenism: the reinvention of Jewish tradition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
HADAS-LEBEL, Mireille (Ed.) Philo of Alexandria: A Thinker in the Jewish Diaspora. Leiden: Brill, 2012.
MEEKS, Wayne A. (gen. ed.) The HarperCollins Study Bible: New Revised Standard Version, with the Apocraphal / Deuterocanonical books. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, c1993.
NESTLE-ALAND. Novum Testamentum Graece. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1993.
NIKIPROWETZKY, Valentin. La Troisième Sibylle. Paris: La Haye, 1970.
PHILO OF ALEXANDRIA, in: Loeb Classical Library, with an English translation by F. H. Colson and G. H. Whitaker. London, Heinemann; New York, Putnam, 1929-1962.
SANDELIN, Karl-Gustav. Review of P.V. Legarth, Guds Tempel. Tempelsymbolisme og kristologi hos Ignatius af Antiokia. In: RUNIA, David T. Philo of Alexandria: an annotated bibliography, 1987-1996: with addenda for 1937-1986; with the assistance of H.M. Keizer and in collaboration with the International Philo Bibliography Project. Leiden: Brill, 2000, p. 167.
SELVATICI, Monica. Os Judeus Helenistas e a Primeira Expansão Cristã. Questões de Narrativa, Visibilidade Histórica e Etnicidade no Livro de Atos dos Apóstolos. (Ph.D. Dissertation in History). Campinas, UNICAMP, 2006.
SIBYLLINE Oracles Books III, IV and V, in: CHARLESWORTH, J. T. The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, 1: Apocalyptic Literature & Testaments. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1983, pp. 362-531.
SMITH, Steve. The Fate of the Jerusalem Temple in Luke-Acts: An Intertextual Approach to Jesus’ Laments Over Jerusalem and Stephen’s Speech. London & New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2017.
SWEET, J. P. M. A House Not Made With Hands, in: HORBURY, W. JSNT Supplement Series 48: Templum Amicitiae. Essays on the Second Temple presented to Ernst Bammel. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991, pp. 368-90.
YARBRO COLLINS, Adela. Jesus’ Action in Herod’s Temple”, in: YARBRO COLLINS, A.; MITCHELL, M. M. (eds.) Antiquity and Humanity. Essays on Ancient Religion and Philosophy Presented to Hans Dieter Betz on his 70th Birthday. Mohr Siebeck, 2001, pp. 45-61.
BARCLAY, John M. G. Jews in the Mediterranean Diaspora. From Alexander to Trajan (323 BCE117 CE). Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1996.
BARKER, Margaret. Temple Imagery in Philo: An Indication of the Origin of the Logos?, in: HORBURY, W. (ed.) JSNT Supplement Series 48: Templum Amicitiae. Essays on the Second Temple presented to Ernst Bammel. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991, pp. 70-102.
BARRETT, Charles K. Attitudes to the Temple in the Acts of the Apostles, in: HORBURY, W. (ed.) JSNT Supplement Series 48: Templum Amicitiae. Essays on the Second Temple presented to Ernst Bammel. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991, pp. 345-367.
BARRETT, Charles K. The International Critical Commentary: Acts of the Apostles. Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1994, vol. 1.
COLLINS, John J. The Sibylline Oracles of Egyptian Judaism. Missoula: Society of Biblical Literature for the Pseudepigrapha Group, 1972.
COLLINS, John J. The Place of the Fourth Sibyl in the Development of the Jewish Sibyllina, Journal of Jewish Studies 25 (1974), pp. 365-80.
COLLINS, John J. Sibylline Oracles, in: CHARLESWORTH, J. T. The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, 1: Apocalyptic Literature & Testaments. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1983, pp. 362-531.
COLLINS, John J. Jewish Wisdom in the Hellenistic Age. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1997.
EPISTLES of Pseudo-Heraclitus, in: ATTRIDGE, H. W. First-Century Cynicism in the Epistles of Heraclitus. Missoula: Scholars Press (Harvard Theological Review), 1976.
FITZMYER, Joseph. The Anchor Bible: The Acts of the Apostles. A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. New York: Doubleday, 1998.
HENGEL, Martin. Judaism and Hellenism: Studies in their encounter in Palestine during the early Hellenistic period. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 2 vols, 1974.
GÄRTNER, Bertil. The Temple and the Community in Qumran and the New Testament. A Comparative study in the Temple symbolism of the Qumran texts and the New Testament. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965.
GAVENTA, Beverly R. Toward a Theology of Acts: Reading and Rereading, Interpretation 42(1988), pp. 146-57.
GRUEN, Erich S. Heritage and Hellenism: the reinvention of Jewish tradition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
HADAS-LEBEL, Mireille (Ed.) Philo of Alexandria: A Thinker in the Jewish Diaspora. Leiden: Brill, 2012.
MEEKS, Wayne A. (gen. ed.) The HarperCollins Study Bible: New Revised Standard Version, with the Apocraphal / Deuterocanonical books. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, c1993.
NESTLE-ALAND. Novum Testamentum Graece. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1993.
NIKIPROWETZKY, Valentin. La Troisième Sibylle. Paris: La Haye, 1970.
PHILO OF ALEXANDRIA, in: Loeb Classical Library, with an English translation by F. H. Colson and G. H. Whitaker. London, Heinemann; New York, Putnam, 1929-1962.
SANDELIN, Karl-Gustav. Review of P.V. Legarth, Guds Tempel. Tempelsymbolisme og kristologi hos Ignatius af Antiokia. In: RUNIA, David T. Philo of Alexandria: an annotated bibliography, 1987-1996: with addenda for 1937-1986; with the assistance of H.M. Keizer and in collaboration with the International Philo Bibliography Project. Leiden: Brill, 2000, p. 167.
SELVATICI, Monica. Os Judeus Helenistas e a Primeira Expansão Cristã. Questões de Narrativa, Visibilidade Histórica e Etnicidade no Livro de Atos dos Apóstolos. (Ph.D. Dissertation in History). Campinas, UNICAMP, 2006.
SIBYLLINE Oracles Books III, IV and V, in: CHARLESWORTH, J. T. The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, 1: Apocalyptic Literature & Testaments. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1983, pp. 362-531.
SMITH, Steve. The Fate of the Jerusalem Temple in Luke-Acts: An Intertextual Approach to Jesus’ Laments Over Jerusalem and Stephen’s Speech. London & New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2017.
SWEET, J. P. M. A House Not Made With Hands, in: HORBURY, W. JSNT Supplement Series 48: Templum Amicitiae. Essays on the Second Temple presented to Ernst Bammel. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1991, pp. 368-90.
YARBRO COLLINS, Adela. Jesus’ Action in Herod’s Temple”, in: YARBRO COLLINS, A.; MITCHELL, M. M. (eds.) Antiquity and Humanity. Essays on Ancient Religion and Philosophy Presented to Hans Dieter Betz on his 70th Birthday. Mohr Siebeck, 2001, pp. 45-61.
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01-12-2017
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SELVATICI, M. “O Altíssimo não habita em obras de mãos humanas”: um estudo de possíveis paralelos judaico-helenísticos para o templo de Jerusalém como idolatria em atos dos apóstolos 7:48. Antíteses, [S. l.], v. 10, n. 20, p. 1063–1080, 2017. DOI: 10.5433/1984-3356.2017v10n20p1063. Disponível em: https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/antiteses/article/view/31606. Acesso em: 18 abr. 2024.
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